Of Penta Penticle and Pentagrams.
Mistakenly pentagram and pentacle are often used interchangeably. Yet we feel this is perhaps the best definations of both.
Penta > A combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek, meaning “five” (Pentateuch ); on this model, used in the formation of compound words (pentavalent ).
[Medieval Latin *pentāculum : Greek penta-, penta- + Latin -culum, diminutive suff.]
First usage in print (1585–95); < Italian pentacolo five-cornered object.
Pentacleˈ (pentəkəl) > noun a talisman or magical object, typically disk-shaped and inscribed with a pentagram or other figure, and used as a symbol of the element of earth.
Another term for pentagram.one of the suits in some tarot packs, corresponding to coins in others.
An upright pentacle is generally defined as an upright pentagram surrounded by a circle, as is shown in the following icon. It often takes the form of a pentagram printed, engraved, or cut into a flat disk.
Pentagram > The word pentagram comes from the Greek: "pente means 5 (as in Pentagon). "Gram" comes from the Greek verb graphein, "to write".
It is most often used to refer to a symmetrical, five pointed star, with equal sides, drawn either with a single line or with two closely spaced parallel lines. Their overall shape is like the decoration on the top of many Christmas trees, and the stars on the American flag.
Upright pentagram > is a 5 pointed star with one point aligned upwards.
Inverted pentagram > is a 5 pointed star with two points aligned upwards.
References used:
http://www.religioustolerance.org/wic_pent.htm
Very nice article.
Some say yes other say loudly no.
Was just writing about the Penta Penticle and Pentagrams and their differences but fell down a Celtic Rabbit Hole.
On this old issue.Judge for your self, noting that they seem not found in old Celtic Stone Art
Celtic >>
The Celts believed that the pentacle was the sign of the Goddess of the Underground, who they called Morgan (a.k.a. Morrigan).
The concept of five points seems to have permeated at least one of the Celtic lands.
"Ireland had five great roads, five provinces and five paths of the law.
The fairy folk counted by fives, and the mythological figures wore five-fold cloaks." <<
(Trying to cross reference the above statement) tdk
Roads:
The five main roads leading from Tara are mentioned in our oldest authorities, as, for instance, in the story of Bruden Da Derga in the Book of the Dun Cow. They were all called slige.
1. Slige Asail [slee-assil] ran from Tara due west towards Lough Owel in Westmeath, and thence probably in a north-westerly direction.
2. Slige Midluachra [meelooghra] extended northwards towards Slane on the Boyne, through the Moyry Pass north of Dundalk, and round the base of Slieve Fuaid, near the present Newtown-Hamilton in Armagh, to the palace of Emain, and on to Dunseverick on the north coast of Antrim: portions of the present northern highway run along its site .
3. Slige Cualan
n ran south-east through Dublin, across the Liffey by the hurdle-bridge that gave the city the ancient name of Baile-atha-cliath (the town of the hurdle-ford: now pron. Blaa-clee): crossed the Dodder near Donnybrook: then southwards still through the old district of Cualann, which it first entered a little north of Dublin, and from which it took its name (the slige or road of Cualann), and on by Bray, keeping generally near the coast. Fifty years ago a part of this road was plainly traceable between Dublin and Bray.
4. Slige Dala, the south-western road, running from Tara towards and through Ossory in the present Co. Kilkenny. This old name is still applied to the road from Kells to Carrick-on-Suir by Windgap.
5. Slige Mór ('great highway') led south-west from Tara till it joined the Esker-Riada* near Clonard, along which it mostly continued till it reached Galway. Portions of this road along the old Esker which raised it high and dry over the bogs are still in use, being traversed by the present main highway.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Roads_in_Ireland)
Provinces:
When the Tuatha system of rule was replaced by Gaelic rule the areas of Ireland were known as ‘cúige’, which in Irish means ‘portion’ or ‘fifth’, indicating the original division of the five areas:
Mide * Ulster * Munster * Leinster * Connacht
(http://blog.totallyirishgifts.com/the-five-provinces-of-ireland/)
Brehon Law Areas:
Women. Marrage. Physical Injury, Murder, Inheritance
(http://oldmooresalmanac.com/news-topics/the-history-of-us1/irish-traditions-to-revive-laws-of-olde.html)
Fairy count by five:
While the old man smiled, and Gwyn renewed his vow, the new wife beganto count by fives--one, two, three, four, five.
( http://www.zeluna.net/welsh-fairytales-theladyofthelake.html)
Mythological figures wore five-fold cloaks:
This one is a bit hard to find.
>>Because the Scottish Great Kilt is pleated and belted in an elaborate manner, most people assume there is a complicated method behind folding a brat. I have not found any evidence that there was a complex system at all -- the most detail given about how a brat-style mantle was worn (through literary legends), was that it was "five-folded". No one knows what that means. I would guess it was some sort of accordian-type fold to keep a LONG length of wool close to the body. While romantic stories describe mantles trailing to the ground behind people driving chariots...I think that's a bit of creative hyperbole. No one wants to walk/drive around with twigs and leaves collecting in the fringes of their garments. So, there must have been a way for them to gather the long lengths close to their body.
(http://www.celticgarb.org/clothing/cloak.html)
From Druid Searles O'Dubhain
Aislinge Meic Con Glinne (Author: [unknown])(http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T308002/text001.html)
>>MacConglinne thereupon went hastily, eagerly, impatiently; and he lifted his five-folded well-strapped cloak on to the slope of his two shoulders, and tied his shirt over the rounds of his fork, and strode thus across the green to the house of Pichán, son of Maelfind, to Dún Coba, on the confines of Iveagh and Corcalee. And at this pace he went quickly to the dún. And as he came to the very meeting house where the hosts were gathering, he put on a short cloak and short garments: each upper garment being shorter with him, and each lower one being longer. In this wise he began juggling for the host from the floor of the royal house, (a thing not fit for an ecclesiastic) and practising satire and buffoonery and singing songs; and it has been said that there came not before his time, nor since, one more renowned in the arts of satire.<<
More Fives:
In the ancient Irish tale, "Cormac's Cup of Gold", the hero "saw a royal fortress with four houses in it, and a bright well with nine ancient hazels growing over it. In the well, were five salmon who ate the nuts that dropped from the purple hazels, and sent the husks floating down the five streams that flowed therefrom. The sound of the streams was the sweetest music...The spring was the Well of Knowledge, and the five streams the five senses through which knowledge is obtained. No one will have knowledge who drinks not a draught out of the well itself or out of the streams. Those who are skilled in many arts drink from both the well and the streams."
(http://www.coven-of-cythrawl.com/Star_of_Life.htm)
Druids Astrology and Pentagle of Venus
>>The pentagram is a five pointed star commonly associated with Wicca, Ritual magick, Satanism, and Masonry. The Pentagram has a long and complex history as a religious symbol. Found scrawled in caves of ancient Babylonia, the five pointed star was copied from the star shaped pattern formed by the travels of the planet Venus in the sky. << http://symboldictionary.net/?p=378 They could not have missed this
Some also call a Pentacle a Druid's Foot.
A serpentine stone with a hole in it is also called a Druid's Foot.
- Pentagram, Druid's Foot, Pentacle Pewter Charm, Charms
- The Pentagram is also know as the druid's foot, it existed as a symbol in ancient times. For Pythagoras it was a sign of health, in the Middle Ages it was used in magic formulas. Today it is the symbol of the microcosm. You can use these Pewter Pentagram Charms to make pendant, bracelet ...www.catchingangels.comI have had people looking for Pentacles by the name "Druid's Foot" never found a really good reference to this.
110414a
I have now! (Drudden Fuss)
>>A dissertation upon the Druidsby M. Esaias Pufendorff, of Chemnitz. Translated from the Latin by Edmund GoldsmidPublication Date: 1650; this translation published in 1886.CHAPTER III.The passage in Celtes about the dress of the Druids. A Discussion on their Shoes. The Drudden Fuss. The Pentalpha inscribed on the banners of Antiochus and the money of Wurtzburg. The rest of their Dress is discussed. The Hooded Cloak. The Tribonion. The Staff and Wallet. The Carriage of their body. A white colour sacred to the Gods.HTH regard to the dress worn by the Druids, we certainly regret much, that through some inexplicable supine negligence on the part of writers, it has been left so untouched, that we can hardly find anythingw[ocr errors]to put forward here on the subject. The renowned Conradus Celtes Protucius,1 the first poet of Germany, and crowned as such by the Emperor Frederick the Fourth's own hands, is almost the only author who has prevented every trace of it from being completely obliterated, for he has thought good to give us a description of it as it was found represented on a very old stone. "The other day," he says, "while Joannes Theophilus was taking us with him into his own country at the base of the Harz mountains, and when we had chanced to turn aside into a monastery, we noticed six images of stone inserted in the wall on a very old stone at the door of the Church. Each image was seven feet in height, draped with a cloak and cowl of the Greek fashion, leaving the feet naked and the head uncovered. There was a wallet of small size, the beard flowed down even to the extremity of the waist, and was parted into two. The hands held a book and a staff like that carried by Diogenes. The aspect was stern, and the brow lowering, the head was carried stiffly on one side with the eyes fixed steadfastly on the ground." So far Celtes, according to whom, if we are to place confidence in his statement, the Druid dress will then certainly not be very much different from that of the Cynics, but whatever its character'In his Norinberga, c. 3.may be, we must give it a brief consideration. Well then, these images in the wall go readily in the first place to show that the Druids walked bare-footed, unless Aventinus' be thought to hold a contrary opinion, for, saith he, "a kind of nocturnal apparition, a philosopher's shoe, and a mathematical figure still preserve their names amongst us from the Druids." Here some take this name (the philosopher's shoe) to be the Drudden Fuss, and the mathematical figure to be the pentagon or pentalpha. Schedius8 hence constructs for the Druids a wooden shoe pentagon shaped, such as nearly approached in its form the mathematical figure of that name. But who does not see what an absurd kind of shoe this would be, and how inconvenient to its wearers, who, when shod with it could not have walked without their feet straddling in the clumsiest manner. If we must actually attribute shoes to them which had some kind of resemblance to the pentalpha, though the language of Aventinus3 will hardly bear such a construction, then we might assert they had used those shoes, and that they were perhaps pentagonal, though not such as you could model after the pentalpha, but such as would[ocr errors]accord with the ordinary pentagonal figure. We know moreover that the figure of the pentalpha was stamped on those shoes just as the shoes of the Roman Senators were adorned with a crescent, as mentioned by Plutarch,1 and the slippers of the Greek emperors, were inwoven with the figure of an eagle, as mentioned by Curopalates or George Codinus.2 And they might, perhaps, he said, to have done this in a mystic and hieroglyphic sense, since all agree in fixing on the pentalpha, with Hygeia (health) inscribed upon it, as the symbol of health, and this was the very symbol which Antiochus, the first King of Syria, by the advice of Alexander the Great, used on his standards in his war against the Galatians, and which he ordered to be inscribed on the coinage of his realm, after he had gained the victory, as Herm. Lignaridus states.3 While Celtes also4 makes mention of Frankish money which Berneggerus calls the " Wiirtzburgian," and which having this figure stamped on it, was called after the name of the Druidss—Drudden Fuss. On this point, however, we readily leave every one to the free and full exercise of his own judgment. From1 Problem. Roman.2 Peri offikion Constantin., p. 55.3 Oblect. Academ., c. 1., p. 378.4 In the passage cited.
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Its all in the Spelling and we also have:
Drude and drudenfussIn German folklore, a drude (German: Drude, pl. Druden) is a kind of malevolent nocturnal spirit (an elf (Alp) orkobold or a hag) associated with nightmares, prevalent especially in Southern Germany. Druden were said to participate in the Wild Hunt and were considered a particular class of demon in Alfonso de Spina's hierarchy. The word also came to be used as a generic term for "witch" in the 16th century (Hans Sachs).The word is attested as Middle High German trute, In early modern lexicography and down to the 19th century, it was popularly associated with the word druid, without any etymological justification. Its actual origin is unknown.Grimm suggests derivation from a euphemistic trût (modern traut) "dear, beloved; intimate", but cites as an alternative suggestion a relation to the valkyrie's name Þrúðr.[1]The Drudenfuss (or Drudenfuß), literally "drude's foot" (also Alpfuss[2]), is thepentagram symbol (in early usage also either a pentagram or a hexagram), believed to ward off demons, explicitly so named in Goethe's Faust (1808). The word has been in use since at least the 17th century, recorded by Justus Georg Schottelius (asdrutenfusz, glossed omnis incolumitatis signum ). Its apotropaic use is well-recorded for 18th to 19th-century folk belief in Bavaria and Tyrol.[3]Drudenfuss is also the German name of the pentagram used as a heraldic device (alternatively Drudenkreuz "drude's cross" and Alpfuß, Alfenfuß "elf-foot" or Alpkreuz"elf-cross") besides the more descriptive Pentalpha or Fünfstern.A Drudenstein is a pebble with a naturally-formed hole in the center. In Bavaria, such pebbles were hung in rooms, on cradles or in stables to ward off nightmares, or to protect horses against matted manes or tails.[4]And of course much more could be said, depending on which / witch "School of Magick Arts" one was addressing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drude#Drudenfuss 
- Moon RisingBabel RisenTDK / The Druid King
- Post Script July 2014
- For key to Pentagram and Druids one needs to study the following:
- As these things were know to the Druids who studied the Heavens.
- !) Astrological Planetary pattern called the Pentangle of Venus.
- 2) The bronze age Celtic Coligny Lunat Calendar .
- 3) TheLunar / Solar 19 year Metonic Cycle .
- Here you find the reasons but not a simple answer.
- As to assignment of Elemental forces to points. I have no reference or even belief in Bronze Age Druidry.
More Fives:The Druids used a complex system of time-keeping based on their awareness of solar and lunar cycles. According to the Coligny Calendar, they measured the passage of time byobserving the lunar orbit around the Earth (a lunar month.)A Druid Cycle of five years was known as a 'Lustre'. At the end of six Lustres, or one month of years (30), a Druidic Cycle was complete. A period of 21 months of years corresponded to a Druidic Era. Eras dated from the Second Battle of Mag Tuireadh in Ireland, at which the Tuatha Dé Danann vanquished the Fomorians (http://www.sacredfire.net/) - TDK
- (c) July 2014 George King
11042014 Second Post Note: - Where are the Ancient Celtic Pentagrams ???
- To me the reason on does not find Pentagrams all over ancient Celtic Stone Art is simple.
- Just as we not not find other records and details of ancient Druidic knowledge. This would have been considered Forbidden and perhaps later Sacred knowledge therefor no written (craved) records.
- The Venus Transits are the Pentagonal Cycle of Venu and the Metonic cycle of Moon and Sun are very important both Calendic and Occult or Astral and Reincarnation cycles knowledge
- Earth-Venus Synodic Cycle:
- Because the Earth moves 584 Earth days, (about 1.6 years around the ecliptic) before the two planets align, each alignment occurs about 215.6° further than the previous one (about seven astrological signs apart). As this process continues, five unique Venus-Earth locations are created in the ecliptic. The result is a pentagonal synodic series that takes about eight years and which consists of five synodic cycles (shown below). This near perfect pattern (also called a grand quintile) occurs because five cycles occur in an even number of Earth years--almost.
- The sixth alignment, which begins the next synodic series, occurs near the same place as the first one, but it is shifted slightly west from the first one by about 2 to 3 degrees. This slight drift occurs because each synodic series actually occurs in 7.997 years, slightly less than eight years. This causes the entire synodic pentagonal series to continually drift westward around the ecliptic in approximately 2° increments.
- Referene: (http://www.lunarplanner.com/HCpages/Venus.html)
- Metonic cycle:
- For astronomy and calendar studies, the Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris (from Ancient Greek: ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίς, "nineteen years") is a period of very close to 19 years that is remarkable for being nearly a common multiple of the solar year and the synodic (lunar) month. The Greek astronomer Meton of Athens (fifth century BC) observed that a period of 19 years is almost exactly equal to 235 synodic months and, rounded to full days, counts 6,940 days. The difference between the two periods (of 19 years and 235 synodic months) is only a few hours, depending on the definition of the year.
- The Metonic cycle is related to two less accurate subcycles:
- 8 years = 99 lunations (an Octaeteris) to within 1.5 days, i.e. an error of one day in 5 years; and
- 11 years = 136 lunations within 1.5 days, i.e. an error of one day in 7.3 years.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonic_cycle)
Adding more Links:
http://www.whats-your-sign.com/five-fold-celtic-meanings.html
http://www.symbolism.co/celtic_symbols.html
Two Seasons, Three Worlds, Four Treasures, Five Directions: the Pillars of Celtic Cosmology and Celtic Reconstructionist Druidism
http://www.druidry.org/druid-way/other-paths/druidry-dharma/two-seasons-three-worlds-four-treasures-five-directions-pillars
This one is very interesting. tdk
This one is very interesting. tdk
The Fifth Direction Sacred centres in Ireland Bob Trubshaw
http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/5dirns.htm
Very nice. tdk
http://celticmythpodshow.com/blog/the-fifth-direction-sacred-centres-in-ireland/
A look at the Three’s and Four’s: http://hoodoo-vodou-druido-grove.blogspot.com/...
Very nice. tdk
http://celticmythpodshow.com/blog/the-fifth-direction-sacred-centres-in-ireland/
A look at the Three’s and Four’s: http://hoodoo-vodou-druido-grove.blogspot.com/...
- Copyright November 04, 2014 George King.
